Organic coating applied on inside and outside surface of a can is called “can coating”. Can coatings are used to form an isolated layer between packaged goods and packaging material, as well as prevent rust formation on the outside surface of packaging materials and enhance aesthetics.

Putties, primers and top coats used for painting partly or in full if an accident happens or a scratch occurs on the car in the assembly line. Plastic parts, seats made of fibers and polymeric foams and other non heat resistant accessories, do not allow the exposure of the car to temperature above 80°C. Therefore, car repair paints should be dried and cured below 80°C. On the other hand, to eliminate color and gloss differences between the painted part and the whole car, during the assembly line and throughout the service-life of the car, the resin and pigments used in repair paint should have similar durability as the OEM coating.

Decomposition of liquid petroleum distillation products, natural gas or acetylene to carbon and hydrogen leads to hydrogen generation and carbon black (soot) formation. Carbon black is a black pigment widely used in coating industry.

Carbon steel is alloy of iron and contains 0,05-2,00 % carbon. It has superior mechanical strength and corrosion resistance compared to pure iron. Manganese, silica and copper are also added to carbon steel in addition to iron and carbon.

Main part of a ship that is always submerged in the sea. For this reason, outer surface of the carine is always exposed to salty water, biological accumulation, and friction when the ship is on the move or the sea is rough.

See Copper Accelerated Salt Spray Test (CASS)

Type of accelerated test to determine the performance of organic coatings in preventing the corrosion of the metal surface they are applied to. Different from the standard Salt Spray Test, the aqueous solution sprayed on the coated panel includes 0,025% copper chloride dihydrate, in addition to the 5% sodium chloride.
 

Dehydrated castor oil

Castor oil derivative, obtained by dehydrating castor oil, containing two conjugate double bonds and demonstrating drying oil properties. See Also Castor oil

Castor oil

Vegetable oil obtained from seeds of Ricinus communis. It is used in production of oven dried or two component coatings as OH functional and monounsaturated ricinoleic acid constitutes almost 90% of the fatty acids it contains. During dehydration, castor oil loses one OH group and one H atom, thus losing one H2O from its molecule. This results in the formation of a new carbon-carbon double bond and since number of double bonds increases to two, the molecule turns into a drying oil which is called and separately used as “dehydrated castor oil”.

Castor oil derivatives

Castor oil derivatives, having tendencies to establish hydrogen bonds with the binders over their OH groups, provide the coating with a thixotropic structure. Sensitivity to high temperatures applied during paint production can be noted as their weakness

Castor oil derivatives, having tendencies to establish hydrogen bonds with the binders over their OH groups, provide the coating with a thixotropic structure. Sensitivity to high temperatures applied during paint production can be noted as their weakness.

Physicochemical process that occurs as deposition of positively charged organic polymer particles, previously suspended in aqueous medium, after migrating to cathode of the electrolytic circuit under direct current and being reduced at the cathode. See Also Cataphoretic coatings

Organic coatings formed by coating of an object- having a conductive surface- connected to a circuit as the cathode by positively charged paint particles suspended in aqueous medium under direct current. Cathodic electrodeposition coatings are most widely utilized for automotive coatings. Perfect adhesion enables superior corrosion resistance. These coatings are also known as cataphoretic coatings.
 

See Cathodic Electrodeposition Coatings

Organic coatings formed by coating of an object- having a conductive surface- connected to a circuit as the cathode by positively charged paint particles suspended in aqueous medium under direct current. Cathodic electrodeposition coatings are most widely utilized for automotive coatings. Perfect adhesion enables superior corrosion resistance. These coatings are also known as cataphoretic coatings.

One of the basic electrodes present in a electrochemical cell. The electrode where reduction reaction occurs is called the cathode.

Organic coatings formed by coating of an object- having a conductive surface- connected to a circuit as the cathode by positively charged paint particles suspended in aqueous medium under direct current. Cathodic electrodeposition coatings are most widely utilized for automotive coatings. Perfect adhesion enables superior corrosion resistance. These coatings are also known as cataphoretic coatings.

Process that causes a decrease in corrosion rate as a result of less conductive depositions on cathode surfaces.

A metal object, desired to be protected from corrosion, is made the cathode of an electrolytic circuit and therefore, corrosion rate is decreased dramatically. This method is called cathodic protection. Cathodic protection can be obtained by constructing a circuit with the metal to be protected and an inert electrode; and using the metal as the cathode by applying a voltage. Another method is to connect the metal object with a more active metal (called sacrificial anode) to form an electrochemical cell.

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Recommended Results: Cherry (in latin: Cerasus Avium (L.) Moench.), Critical pigment volume concentration (CPVC), Cathodic Electrodeposition Coatings (CED), Copper Accelerated Salt Spray Test (CASS), Chipboard (U.K.) / Particle board (Amerikan), Corona discharge (in powder coating applications), Cedar (in latin: Cedrus Libani A. Rich), Cyclohexanedimethylol (CHDM), Chestnut (in latin: Castanea Sativa Mill)

Critical pigment volume concentration (CPVC)

Pigment volume concentration at which all the binder in a coating formulation is used up to wet the pigments and to fill up the pigment pores, leaving no free binder.

Cathodic Electrodeposition Coatings (CED)

Organic coatings formed by coating of an object- having a conductive surface- connected to a circuit as the cathode by positively charged paint particles suspended in aqueous medium under direct current. Cathodic electrodeposition coatings are most widely utilized for automotive coatings. Perfect adhesion enables superior corrosion resistance. These coatings are also known as cataphoretic coatings.

Copper Accelerated Salt Spray Test (CASS)

Type of accelerated test to determine the performance of organic coatings in preventing the corrosion of the metal surface they are applied to. Different from the standard Salt Spray Test, the aqueous solution sprayed on the coated panel includes 0,025% copper chloride dihydrate, in addition to the 5% sodium chloride.

Corona discharge (in powder coating applications)

Electrostatic coating method used to coat a positively charged surface with little loss, using powder coating particles charged by air molecules ionized under high voltage.

Chestnut (in latin: Castanea Sativa Mill)

Its timber is between dark yellow and white in color. It is easy to process but heavy and brittle. It has good water resistance. Growth rings are distinctive and uniform. They are used in veneer, solidwood furniture production and interior decoration. It is suitable for producing long-lasting and durable furnitures. Paint and varnish can be applied on it.

An exterior durable, thermoplastic resin formed by the reaction of cellulose with acetic acid and butyric acid. It is used in automotive OEM and automotive refinish coatings as basecoat in addition to wood varnishes. See Also Cellulosic resins

Cellulosic resins

Resins synthesized by reaction of acids and alcohols with cellulose, which is typically gathered from cotton and wood. Cellulose nitrate (nitrocellulose) resins are the most widely used type. Other types include cellulose acetobutyrate (CAB), ethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose resins

Thermoplastic resin formed by the nitration of raw cellulose with sulphuric acid and nitric acid. Nitration to a level of 10,7%-12,3% Nitrogen is used in cellulose nitrate resins for paint industry.

Paints in which cellulose nitrate is the main binder. Cellulosic paints cure by evaporation of solvent. The flexibility of cellulosic paints are increased by adding alkyd resins and plasticizers into their formulation.

Resins synthesized by reaction of acids and alcohols with cellulose, which is typically gathered from cotton and wood. Cellulose nitrate (nitrocellulose) resins are the most widely used type. Other types include cellulose acetobutyrate (CAB), ethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose resins

They are called as linear polymers as well. Their structure is a linear chain. They are composed of monomers with double functionality (F=2). Typically, they are of thermoplastic type.

Chalk

Chalk is obtained from shell remains of marine microorganisms and is composed mostly of amorphous calcium carbonate (CaCO3). It is used as an extender in interior-use architectural coatings.

Chalking

A paint defect occurs when some of the paint resin types decompose on exposure to UV light, temperature differences and oxygen, and becomes powder-like, and leaves the film.

State of dryness and hardness needed for a coating film to reach the expected chemical resistance is called chemical drying, and time period needed to achieve chemical drying is called chemical drying time. Chemical drying time is determined by measuring the chemical resistance of the coating film.

Resistance of organic coating films to possible effects of chemical substances that they are exposed to throughout their service lives. For industrial coatings various acid resistances, alkaline resistances, fuel and solvent resistances; and for domestic coatings alcohol, ketchup, oil, sweat, tomato paste resistances can be mentioned among chemical resistances.

Branch of science that investigates the changes in the rheology of a fluid, having components that undergo a chemical reaction, during the course of the reaction. It is also used to investigate the rheological behaviour of crosslinking organic coatings during the film formation process.

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Its timber is between dark yellow and white in color. It is easy to process but heavy and brittle. It has good water resistance. Growth rings are distinctive and uniform. They are used in veneer, solidwood furniture production and interior decoration. It is suitable for producing long-lasting and durable furnitures. Paint and varnish can be applied on it.

Panels with various thicknesses, produced by mixing wood chips with certain chemical binders and compressing. It is frequently used in furniture sector. Chipboards have poor resistance against water and flame.. Kitchen cabinets, wardrobes and shelves that are used for carrying lightweight objects, some office furnitures and shelves are made from chipboard.

Hard thermoplastic resin that is obtained from reaction of natural rubber with chloride, containing approximately 65% chloride and that is soluble in aromatic solvents. It has superior chemical resistance and water resistance. There are also some commercial products obtained from chlorination of synthetic rubber.

See Saturation

One of the three components used to define a color (other two are "hue" and "lightness"). Saturation describes the concentration of color components constituting the hue. The terms chroma and purity are also used in place of saturation.

Chromaticity values

Color parameters obtained by converting measured X, Y and Z values of any color to decimal numbers that sum up to 1. This way, instead of three parameters, an easier two-dimensional color coordinate system is obtained.

 

Monochromatic light

Monochromatic light is a light ray of a single wavelength. It is produced either by radiation caused by heating up some pure metals or by passing the polychromatic light through prisms (Monochromators).

Polychromatic light

Formerly, polychromatic light was defined as visible light array composed of many light rays in various colors. With the semantic extension in the course of time, this definition has changed to define light composed of light rays with many different wavelengths irrespective of whether it is in visible region or not.
 

Color parameters obtained by converting measured X, Y and Z values of any color to decimal numbers that sum up to 1. This way, instead of three parameters, an easier two-dimensional color coordinate system is obtained.
 

Chemical groups present in pigment and dyestuff molecules that can impart color to the molecules.

Mathematically structured color identification system developed by International Commission on Illumination (Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage, CIE). The system is based on the fact that there are three types of conical shaped light perception cells in human eye and those cells are sensitive to blue, green and red lights. Taking this fact in to account, each color is expressed in terms of three variables; L, a and b. Because it takes the light and the observer into account together with the object, CIE Lab color system gives more sensitive and reproducible results compared to the other color identification systems. See Also Color identification systems

Color identification systems / Color systems

Systems developed for subjective identification of color. Color identification systems can be divided into two groups. Visual system and mathematical system. Visual system comprises numerous color chips arranged systematically. The color is identified by the nearest resemblance color cards code. Munsell color system and natural color system are the most common visual color identification systems. Mathematical color identification systems based on three dimensional color space while each point in this color space specifies a certain color. CIE Lab is the most common mathematical system used. See Also Munsell color system, Natural color system, CIE lab color system

 

Since high amount of paint is required on production lines such as automotive products and household equipment lines, transfer of paint to the application point is done with circulation routes. There are various hydraulic and mechanical factors affecting the paint stability in these circuits/routes that consist of pipes, elbows, valves, pumps etc. Circulation stability determines the resistance of paint to such factors.

1) Transparent organic coating material containing no pigments.
2) Transparent film formed by applying and curing of a clearcoat.

Transparent primer, applied on, especially, wood surfaces when a transparent coating system is desired.

Although pigments and extenders are produced as primary particles, they form aggregates and agglomerates when they are in touch with each other in bulk phase. In dispersion stage, these pigment clusters are tried to break down to primary particles. If dispersed pigments are not stable, they form loosely combined units called flocculates. Since, the distinction between these three terms might not be clear, for a better understanding a schematic representation is given below.

In latex coatings, for which polymer suspensions in water are used as binders, the polymer particles approach each other to form a continuous rigid film as a result of water evaporation. In order for the coalescence to take place also at ambient temperatures, some glycol based solvent is commonly added to latex based architectural coatings.

Method for producing paints, containing more than one type of pigments and/or fillers, where pigments and/or fillers are dispersed by grinding together.

Attraction of molecules of same kind towards each other resulting in stable agglomerates of those molecules both in liquid and solid phases is called cohesion. Attraction forces that similar molecules apply to each other leading to cohesion are called cohesion forces.

Coatings used in high speed lines to coat coils (metals shaped into foils and winded as a roll) resulting in flexible and high resistance coatings. See Also Pre-coated metal (PCM)

Pre-coated metal (PCM)

Material obtained by coating the coils with high temperature cured coatings on high speed lines. Pre-coated metal is an interesting solution for: 1) quality and durability due to the usage of specially designed coatings 2) environment due to burning of the released VOC in after-burners and recycling as energy 3) efficiency due to high speed application.

VOC See Volatile organic compounds

The amount of volatile organic compounds in grams per 1 liter of liquid organic coating.
 

Sheet shaped products obtained by passing carbon steel billets below their recrystallization temperature, through a set of work rolls so that thinner cross sections form. Sheets produced by cold-rolling have higher sagging resistance and harder than hot-rolled steel.

The human eye identifies thousands of different colors. However, it is not always easy to interpret these colors to someone and expect him/her to understand the same color. For this purpose color identification systems are developed. See Also Color identification systems, Color systems

Color identification systems / Color systems

Systems developed for subjective identification of color. Color identification systems can be divided into two groups. Visual system and mathematical system. Visual system comprises numerous color chips arranged systematically. The color is identified by the nearest resemblance color cards code. Munsell color system and natural color system are the most common visual color identification systems. Mathematical color identification systems based on three dimensional color space while each point in this color space specifies a certain color. CIE Lab is the most common mathematical system used. See Also Munsell color system, Natural color system, CIE lab color system

Munsell color system

Visual color definition system based on ten principal hues as Blue, Blue-Green, Green, Green-Yellow, Yellow, Yellow-Red, Red, Red-Purple, Purple, Purple-Blue. Each of these principal hues can be diluted with clear-coats to decrease its chroma or mixed with black pigmented paint to decrease its lightness. For instance, for a color specified as GY5/6 in Munsell color system, one can say Green-Yellow (GY), 50% mixed with black and 60% saturated. Munsell color system is commonly used in the USA. On the other hand, in Europe, Natural Color System (NCS) is preferred. NCS, ables a more detailed definition of color than Munsell system. See Also Natural color system, Color identification systems

Natural Color System / NCS

Color identification system that takes four basic colors, which are saturated and not darkened with black, as reference. For NCS, yelow, red, blue and green standarts are formed with the above mentioned properties. Various color tones are obtained by mixing the standards at different ratios. Each color can be mixed with transparent varnish to obtain several saturation levels. In addition, these colors can be darkened with black in various ratios. Colors obtained by these methods are named by NCS as follows: 2080-R70B means color contains 20% black, 80% saturated and its hue is composed of 70% Red (R:Red) and 30% Blue (B:Blue). See Also Munsell color system, Color identification systems

CIE Lab Color System

Mathematically structured color identification system developed by International Commission on Illumination (Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage, CIE). The system is based on the fact that there are three types of conical shaped light perception cells in human eye and those cells are sensitive to blue, green and red lights. Taking this fact in to account, each color is expressed in terms of three variables; L, a and b. Because it takes the light and the observer into account together with the object, CIE Lab color system gives more sensitive and reproducible results compared to the other color identification systems. See Also Color identification systems

Systems developed for subjective identification of color. Color identification systems can be divided into two groups. Visual system and mathematical system. Visual system comprises numerous color chips arranged systematically. The color is identified by the nearest resemblance color cards code. Munsell color system and natural color system are the most common visual color identification systems. Mathematical color identification systems based on three dimensional color space while each point in this color space specifies a certain color. CIE Lab is the most common mathematical system used. See Also Munsell color system, Natural color system, CIE lab color system

Munsell color system

Visual color definition system based on ten principal hues as Blue, Blue-Green, Green, Green-Yellow, Yellow, Yellow-Red, Red, Red-Purple, Purple, Purple-Blue. Each of these principal hues can be diluted with clear-coats to decrease its chroma or mixed with black pigmented paint to decrease its lightness. For instance, for a color specified as GY5/6 in Munsell color system, one can say Green-Yellow (GY), 50% mixed with black and 60% saturated. Munsell color system is commonly used in the USA. On the other hand, in Europe, Natural Color System (NCS) is preferred. NCS, ables a more detailed definition of color than Munsell system. See Also Natural color system, Color identification systems

Natural Color System / NCS

Color identification system that takes four basic colors, which are saturated and not darkened with black, as reference. For NCS, yelow, red, blue and green standarts are formed with the above mentioned properties. Various color tones are obtained by mixing the standards at different ratios. Each color can be mixed with transparent varnish to obtain several saturation levels. In addition, these colors can be darkened with black in various ratios. Colors obtained by these methods are named by NCS as follows: 2080-R70B means color contains 20% black, 80% saturated and its hue is composed of 70% Red (R:Red) and 30% Blue (B:Blue). See Also Munsell color system, Color identification systems

CIE lab color system

Mathematically structured color identification system developed by International Commission on Illumination (Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage, CIE). The system is based on the fact that there are three types of conical shaped light perception cells in human eye and those cells are sensitive to blue, green and red lights. Taking this fact in to account, each color is expressed in terms of three variables; L, a and b. Because it takes the light and the observer into account together with the object, CIE Lab color system gives more sensitive and reproducible results compared to the other color identification systems. See Also Color identification systems
 

Reducing the color difference between a trial and a reference color. Color matching can be performed at laboratories by using additive method or can be carried out using computers with the data from the color measurement devices.

Reducing the color difference between a trial and a reference color. Color matching can be performed at laboratories by using additive method or can be carried out using computers with the data from the color measurement devices.

Color measurement is performed by analysing the light reflected from a colored surface by using Colormeter, Colorimeter or Color spectrometer. See Also Spectrometer

Colorimeter / Colormeter

An instrument that measures color characteristics according to the intensity of excitement of three receptor cells in our eyes. Colorimeters define a color using “tristimulus values” which are the blue, green and red present in a color.

Color spectrometer

An instrument that measures the color by dispersing the light coming from a colored surface to its detector by passing through a prism into its component wavelengths and determining amount of light ray at each wavelength. See Also Colorimeter

Goniospectrometer

Spectrometer that carries out color measurements via detectors placed in such a way that enables measuring of different reflection angles from a colored surface. Goniospectrometers are used to measure colors that change at different angles, especially colors of coatings containing metal or pearlescent pigments.

Color spectrometer

An instrument that measures the color by dispersing the light coming from a colored surface to its detector by passing through a prism into its component wavelengths and determining amount of light ray at each wavelength. See Also Colorimeter

Spectrometer

See Color measurement

Color measurement is performed by analysing the light reflected from a colored surface by using Colormeter, Colorimeter or Color spectrometer. See Also Spectrometer

Colorimeter / Colormeter

An instrument that measures color characteristics according to the intensity of excitement of three receptor cells in our eyes. Colorimeters define a color using “tristimulus values” which are the blue, green and red present in a color.

Color spectrometer

An instrument that measures the color by dispersing the light coming from a colored surface to its detector by passing through a prism into its component wavelengths and determining amount of light ray at each wavelength. See Also Colorimeter

Goniospectrometer

Spectrometer that carries out color measurements via detectors placed in such a way that enables measuring of different reflection angles from a colored surface. Goniospectrometers are used to measure colors that change at different angles, especially colors of coatings containing metal or pearlescent pigments.

Color spectrometer

An instrument that measures the color by dispersing the light coming from a colored surface to its detector by passing through a prism into its component wavelengths and determining amount of light ray at each wavelength. See Also Colorimeter

Spectrometer

See Color measurement

An instrument that measures the color by dispersing the light coming from a colored surface to its detector by passing through a prism into its component wavelengths and determining amount of light ray at each wavelength. See Also Colorimeter

Colorimeter / Colormeter

An instrument that measures color characteristics according to the intensity of excitement of three receptor cells in our eyes. Colorimeters define a color using “tristimulus values” which are the blue, green and red present in a color.

Color range formed by dispersing a polychromatic light (especially the sunlight) through a prism into different colors (i.e., different wavelengths)

Measure of power of a pigment to color. Comparison of color strength of dispersed pigment is made by mixing with dispersed titanium dioxide in equal amount of color pigment.

An instrument that measures color characteristics according to the intensity of excitement of three receptor cells in our eyes. Colorimeters define a color using “tristimulus values” which are the blue, green and red present in a color.

Heavy commercial vehicle

Class of motor vehicles with a minimum loading capacity of 3,5 tons, including buses for minimum 8 persons (excluding the driver) and load trucks. Also called “heavy vehicle”. See Also Motor vehicles

Light commercial vehicle

See Motor vehicles

A vehicle with at least four wheels whose propulsion is provided by an engine and used for transport of passengers as well as for carriage of goods on highways is a motor vehicle. According to the International Organization of Motor Vehicle Manufacturers (OICA), motor vehicles are classified as follows.

Distinction between light commercial vehicles and other commercial vehicles is drawn according to their transport capacity. Changing from country to country this distinction is in between 3,5 tons and 7,0 tons. In Turkey, vehicles having a transport capacity below 3,5 tons are defined as light commercial vehicle.

Inclination of two or more substances mixed with each other to form a stabile homogenous mixture. Negative inclination between two or more substances is called “incompatibility“.

If two colors mixed in a proper proportion, result in a neutral color then they are called complementary colors. . For instance, when two lights with complementary colors are mixed, white light forms. On the other hand, when two paints with the complementary color are mixed, black paint is obtained.

Since water is formed as a side product during this type of polymerization reaction, it is called condensation polymerization. In condensation polymerization, starting from the initiation, in every step during the polymerization, a repeatable unit forms from the reaction of two molecules and this structural unit combines to the chain. Therefore, condensation polymerization is also called “step-growth polymerization”.

Accelerated test for measuring the water resistance of coatings were preformed in test cabinets where the sides of the cabinets are covered with test panels and inside is filled with saturated air at test temperature. Adjusting inside temperature of the cabinet by at least 10ºC higher than outside temperature, condensation of the water vapour in cabinet atmosphere, on the coated surface facing inside is accomplished. Hence, a thin boundary layer is deposited on the coated side of the panel, throughout the test. Condensing humidity tests are carried out at temperatures between 40ºC and 60ºC and for 5 to 20 days.See Also Non-condensing humidity test

Non-condensing humidity test

In non-condensing humidity test panels are suspended in the constant temperature cabinets. The air inside the cabinet should be saturated. In this stage, condensation leads to formation of random water films on panels which are also at the same temperature with the inside air. Calling this test non-condensing should not be misleading. Difference between condensing and non-condensing humidity test is, a continuous film formed on panels in the former test whereas random (from place to place or time to time) film formation is seen on the latter test. Temperature and humidity of non-condensing humidity test can be kept in the same range in condensing humidity test. In these tests, it is advisable to evaluate performance of a coating with respect to reference paint.
See Also Condensing humidity test

In coatings industry, conductivity is frequently used to state the electrical conductivity of wet coating or dry coating film. 1) It is important that electrical conductivity of a solventborne wet coating is convenient for electrostatic spraying application. 2) If a dry coating film is conductive enough, it enables application of another layer of coating by electrostatic spraying or electrophoresis.

Term used to describe the position of double bonds in a molecule with respect to each other in the case that double bonds are separated from each other by one single bond. See Also Conjugated fatty acids

Conjugated fatty acidsFatty acids containing double bonds separated from each other by one single bond on their main molecule chain that is composed of carbon-carbon bonds. e.g., eleostearic acid, licanic acid etc.

Fatty acids containing double bonds separated from each other by one single bond on their main molecule chain that is composed of carbon-carbon bonds. e.g., eleostearic acid, licanic acid etc.

A liquid droplet in contact with a solid surface makes an angle at solid-liquid-air triple point. The angle known as contact angle can be measured with goniometer. In paint industry, the contact angle is used to determine surface tension of liquid paint.

Pigment particles undergo controlled flocculation with the help of dispersion additives that hold on to the pigment particles over their pigment-loving groups. Bigger particle sizes are obtained compared to deflocculation; however, “hard precipitation” tendency of the coating decreases. Controlled flocculation is a widely used technique during dispersion of primer pigments and fillers.

Heating ovens that contain hot combustion gases or heated air inside. The hot combustion gases or air provides drying and curing of the objects coated with oven-cured coatings.

Application of paints and varnishes by spraying in tiny droplets using air guns with air at 2,5-5,5 atm pressure. Feeding of coating to the gun is achieved either by gravitational forces from a cup placed on top of the gun, or by suction from a cup placed under the gun or by pressurizing the paint.

Polymers having more than one type of repetitive units such as –ABABAB– or –AAABBBAAA–, where A and B are two separate units. (e.g., ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer)

Type of accelerated test to determine the performance of organic coatings in preventing the corrosion of the metal surface they are applied to. Different from the standard Salt Spray Test, the aqueous solution sprayed on the coated panel includes 0,025% copper chloride dihydrate, in addition to the 5% sodium chloride.

Salt spray test

It is an accelerated test to assess how efficiently the paint film protects the substrate against corrosion. Coated steel panels scribed through the coating, exposing the bare steel, are hung on in a 35ºC chamber by non-metal grids, where they are exposed to a continuous mist of 5% NaCl salt solution. For industrial coatings, after a test period of a few hundred hours to a few thousand hours, the panels are examined for degradation of the paint film and corrosion of the substrate.

Electrostatic coating method used to coat a positively charged surface with little loss, using powder coating particles charged by air molecules ionized under high voltage.

Corrosion

See Corrosion of metal

Wearing away of metals due to electrochemical reactions is known as metallic corrosion. Oxidizing of metals through an electrochemical process leads to the formation of metal oxides or other metal salts. Of these corrosion products, metal oxides are commonly named ”rust”.

Corrosion circuit

Electrochemical circuit that has two different metals as its electrodes and that more active electrode naturally behaves as the anode, experiencing corrosion.

Corrosion tests

Laboratory tests that aim to determine the corrosion resistances of coated or uncoated materials in a much shorter time than actual exposure periods in their usual service lives, by subjecting the materials to severely corrosive conditions.

Corrosion of metals / Metallic corrosion

Wearing away of metals due to electrochemical reactions is known as metallic corrosion. Oxidizing of metals through an electrochemical process leads to the formation of metal oxides or other metal salts. Of these corrosion products, metal oxides are commonly named ”rust”.

Local corrosion cells

Since a complete homogenization is impossible in materials, there are many anodic and cathodic regions on a surface of every alloy or metal composed of single element but containing a certain amount of impurity. Hence, these neighbouring regions that have different compositions and therefore different oxidation potentials are prone to act as electrodes of a cell. If a liquid layer, even as little as a humidity layer is formed on a metal surface, this systems act as a cell. This type of cell is called as local corrosion cells.
 

Electrochemical circuit that has two different metals as its electrodes and that more active electrode naturally behaves as the anode, experiencing corrosion.

Wearing away of metals due to electrochemical reactions is known as metallic corrosion. Oxidizing of metals through an electrochemical process leads to the formation of metal oxides or other metal salts. Of these corrosion products, metal oxides are commonly named ”rust”.

Laboratory tests that aim to determine the corrosion resistances of coated or uncoated materials in a much shorter time than actual exposure periods in their usual service lives, by subjecting the materials to severely corrosive conditions.

Cup shaped cavities, that remind volcano craters and that are caused by local surface tension decreases, are called craters. Gel particles, oils, foreign materials, fibers, incompatible silicon contamination and spray dusts of other coatings can be counted among the typical crater causes.

Pigment volume concentration at which all the binder in a coating formulation is used up to wet the pigments and to fill up the pigment pores, leaving no free binder.

Crosslinked polymers are formed by the reaction of at least two initially linear or branched polymers over their active functional groups. Functionalities of the monomers constituting these polymers cannot be less than 2, and at least one of the monomers should have a functionality of F=3 or more. Crosslinked polymers are of thermosetting nature.

Polymerization of organic coating binders with each other is as effective as the solvent evaporation for the film forming (i.e. drying) process. Polymerization by binding to each other is called “crosslinking”.

Process of transformation of an organic coating film to a rigid film of thermosetting character as a result of polymerization reactions.

Overcure

Excess hardening of a high temperature cured coating as a result of curing for a longer time and/or at higher temperatures than required.

Undercure / Underbake

Insufficient drying of high temperature cured organic coatings as a result of insufficient temperature or exposure times.

A coating technique in which paint continuously falls through a slit, onto panels transported on a conveyer belt. This method is used especially in rapid lines for manufacturing sheet shaped furniture components and mirror coating lines.

A round shaped dent on dry paint film. A hole, formed by gas or solvent vapor trapped in the coating film while leaving the film, can grow into a larger semi-spherical concavity as a result of partial levelling of the film. This surface defect is called “cuvette”. This defect is mainly encountered in oven-cured coatings containing trapped air or solvent vapor, and polyurethane coating films with trapped carbon dioxide in them.

See Oxirane groups

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Suggested results: Ozmo

OsmosisThink of two fluids with the same chemical composition but differing in concentration which are separated by a semi-permeable membrane. This membrane permits passage of small size solvent molecules but not the large solute molecules. Movement of solvent molecules from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration is called “osmosis”. During osmosis, movement of solvent molecules leads to an increase in mass followed by an increase in pressure. The equilibrium in osmosis is reached when concentration difference (driving force of osmosis) and pressure difference which acts against it balance each other.

Polyol that is used in exterior-use industrial coating polyesters which require high water and UV resistance.
Chemical name: 1,4-cyclohexane dimethylol, 1,4-dimethylcyclohexane
Chemical formula: 

Melting point: 35°C

Alcohol that can dissolve many natural resins, cellulose ethers and phenol formaldehyde resins.
Chemical formula:

Boiling range: 160°C; Evaporation number based on the ether: 28; Specific gravity: 0,942; Refractive index: 1, 4191; Flash point: 63°C

Cyclo aliphatic ketone solvent used in solvent-borne coatings.
Chemical name: Cyclohexanone
Chemical formula: 

Boiling point: 156,7°C; evaporation number relative to ether: 40; specific gravity: 0,948; refractive index: 1,4500; flash point: 43°C

See Bending resistance

Resistance of a coating film to cracking, breaking and delamination when bended together with the metal surface. Bending resistance is measured by bending the panel around a cylindrical or conical surface or by directly folding the panel. These tests are called cylindrical bending test, conical bending test and T-Bend test, respectively.