Its wood is heavy, light colored and tough. It is easily processable with hand tools and machines. It is used in production of rotary-cut veneer or sliced veneer. Fiddleback-grained wood of maple is traditionally used for parquet making, musical instruments, backs of violins, pulley wheels, brush handles and production of food packaging cups.

When a closed half-filled bottle of wine, turned upside-down after shaking, it is seen that the wine in the bottle starts to climb the walls of bottle. Since, Italian physicist Carlo Marangoni explained the physicochemical mechanism lying under this phenomenon at the beginning of 1990’s, it’s called Marangoni effect. Alcohol in the thin wet film on the lateral surface of partially full bottle of wine evaporates more rapidly than water. Hence, alcohol amount decreases in these parts, resulting in increase in water concentration. The surface tension of pure water is higher than that of pure ethanol. Therefore, the surface tension of the liquid film from which alcohol evaporated increases. Then, a flow gradient occurs from the bulk part of wine which has lower surface tension, to the thin film layer on the sides with higher surface tension.

Coatings with superior corrosion and water resistance used for yachts, commercial and naval marine vehicles and containers for sea transportation.

General name of putty based elastic organic coating materials containing high level of extender. They elastically fill the junction points or the whole surface of objects, to impart protection against water and chemicals as well as heat and sound isolation.

Mattness, which is the reflection of incident light in a broad range of angles, can be imparted using some additives. These additives are mainly micronized silicon particles and various types of polymer waxes

If the incoming light (incident light) on a substrate is reflected in a broad range of directions instead of a single outgoing direction, mattness occurs. Paints and clear coats are classified according to the mattness they have as silk, semi matt or satin, matt or flat and eggshell. However, there is no common opinion in the paint industry on the gloss levels corresponding to these mattness classes. A common misperception is that matt surfaces reflect less light. A matt surface reflects light as much as a gloss surface does. The difference is, light reflected from matt surfaces comes to the eye in a whole range of angles, whereas, light from glossy surfaces comes making the same angle of incident light with respect to the surface normal. Reflected light form a surface depends on the color not the gloss of the surface.

See Medium Density Fiberboard

is a panel shaped product formed by breaking down of wood chips into fibres under steam, adding urea formaldehyde and a little amount of paraffin wax, and drying under high temperature and pressure. MDF has a typical density of 600-800 kg/m³. Since the chips in MDF are broken down as wood fibres, mechanical strength and humidity resistance of MDF is higher than fiberboards like chipboard. MDF is used in production of kitchen and bathroom cabinets, drawers, shelves, bookcase and office furniture as well as for interior decoration.

It is a panel shaped product formed by breaking down of wood chips into fibres under steam, adding urea formaldehyde and a little amount of paraffin wax, and drying under high temperature and pressure. MDF has a typical density of 600-800 kg/m³. Since the chips in MDF are broken down as wood fibres, mechanical strength and humidity resistance of MDF is higher than fiberboards like chipboard. MDF is used in production of kitchen and bathroom cabinets, drawers, shelves, bookcase and office furniture as well as for interior decoration.

Mixture of distillation products composed predominantly of aromatics. Chemical structure: No definite chemical structure.
Boiling range: ~180-210°C; Evaporation number based on the ether: 115 (for Solvesso 150), 148 (for Shelsol AB); Specific gravity: 0,894-0,895; Refractive index: 1,512; Flash point: 62°C

Symmetrical triazine compound synthesized by heating up urea in the presence of ammonia. It is primarily used in the production of melamine formaldehyde resins.
Chemical Name: 1,35,-Triamino-s-2,4,6-triazine

Melting Point: 354°C

Butylated melamine formaldehyde resins

Melamine formaldehyde resins modified by reacting with butanol. Butylated melamine formaldehyde resins are widely used because of their compatibility and high film quality due to their comparably low surface tension. However, they are not used in high solid systems because of their high molecular weights.

Hexamethoxymethylated melamine formaldehyde (HMMM) resins

Monomeric melamine formaldeyde subjected to complete etherification with methanol. Its low molecular weight and solubility in both water and organic solvents enables its usage as high solid content coating input. Because it is completely etherified, acid catalysts need to be added to the coating formulations in order to enhance the reaction tendency, which is lower compared to butylated melamine formaldehyde resins.

Melamine formaldehyde resins

Polymerization products of melamine and formaldehyde. They are the most common cross linkers in baking systems. Melamine formaldehyde resins are modified with various alcohols to increase solubility in paint solvents and compatibility with polymers.

Polymerization products of melamine and formaldehyde. They are the most common cross linkers in baking systems. Melamine formaldehyde resins are modified with various alcohols to increase solubility in paint solvents and compatibility with polymers.

Butylated melamine formaldehyde resins

Melamine formaldehyde resins modified by reacting with butanol. Butylated melamine formaldehyde resins are widely used because of their compatibility and high film quality due to their comparably low surface tension. However, they are not used in high solid systems because of their high molecular weights.

Marks left on a painted film when bare metal is drawn across its surface. Especially, white and light-colored surfaces are more susceptible to metal marking. This paint defect can be prevented to a large extent by using slip additives, extenders like platelet kaolin or a sutiable resin.

General name of paints, having glossy surfaces as newly sandblasted because of the aluminium pigment flakes in their composition.

An acidic monomer commonly used in the synthesis of acrylic polymers.
Chemical formula:

Melting point: 14°C; Boiling point: 163°C

Due to the lack of good solvency in most organic polymers, its use in paint industry is rare.
Chemical name: Methyl alcohol
Chemical formula: 
Boiling point: 64,7°C; Evaporation number based on the ether: 6,3; Specific gravity: 0,792; Refractive index: 1,3287; Flash point: 11°C

Glycol ether having same solvency as ethylene glycol.
Chemical name: propylene glycol monomethyl ether
Chemical formula:

Boiling point: 121°C; Evaporation number based on the ether: 25; Specific gravity: 0,922; Refractive index; 1,4040; Flash point: 30°C

Glycol ether acetate that dissolves cellulose derivatives, polyvinyl alcohol, polyester and short oil alkyd resins. In addition, it is used as co-solvent in waterborne organic coatings.
Chemical name: propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate
Chemical formula: 

Boiling point: 146°C; Evaporation number based on the ether: 33; Specific gravity: 0,966; Refractive index: 1,4020; Flash point: 45°C

It is a ketone analogous to acetone having similar solvency but volatile.
Chemical name: butan-2-one (abbreviated as MEK).
Chemical formula: 
Boiling point: 79,6°C; Evaporation number based on the ether: 2,6; Specific gravity: 0,805; Refractive index: 1,3788; Flash point: -1°C

Glycol ether that dissolves cellulose derivatives, epoxy resins and polyvinyl acetate. Due to the potential risks to human health, its use is restricted.
Chemical name: Ethylene glycol monomethyl ether; 2-Methoxyethanol (also known as methyl cellosolve)
Chemical formula: 

Boiling point: 124,5°C; Evaporation number based on the ether: 34; Specific gravity: 0,964; Refractive index: 1,4021; Flash point: 37°C

Methyl glycol acetate

Ether acetate used in similar areas as methyl glycol. Due to the potential risks to human health, its use is restricted.
Chemical name: Ethylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate; 2-Methoxyethyl Acetate (also known as methyl cellosolve acetate)
Chemical formula: 

Boiling point: 145°C; Evaporation number based on the ether: 35; Specific gravity: 1,005; Refractive index: 1,4019; Flash point: 47°C

Ether acetate used in similar areas as methyl glycol. Due to the potential risks to human health, its use is restricted.
Chemical name: Ethylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate; 2-Methoxyethyl Acetate (also known as methyl cellosolve acetate)
Chemical formula: 

Boiling point: 145°C; Evaporation number based on the ether: 35; Specific gravity: 1,005; Refractive index: 1,4019; Flash point: 47°C
 

It is a ketone having less solvency effect on polymers that acetone can dissolve.
Chemical name:4-Methylpentan-2-one (abbreviated as MIBK).

Chemical formula:

Boiling point: 117°C; Evaporation number based on the ether: 7,0; Specific gravity: 0,801; Refractive index: 1,3958; Flash point: 14°C

Ester based monomer of polymethylmethacrylate in addition to its use in synthesis of various acrylic copolymers.
Chemical formula: 

Boiling point: 100,5°C

A mineral found in muscovite rocks. It’s primarily composed of aluminum potassium silicate (Al3KSi3H2O12). Mica will appear in light brown and in platelet form. Refractive index:1,58-1,61; Specific gravity: ~2,80; oil absorption value: ~65 g/100 g mica. Its use in paint industry is rare.

A test method at which an instrument records the motion of a sharp indenter impressed into the paint film at slightly increasing loads. Carrying out this test, makes it possible not only the measurement micro-indentation hardness of the coating but also the determination of the elastic and plastic deformation thresholds of the paint film.

Surface layer, formed during hot rolling of steel that contains iron oxide and rolling oils in their compositions besides steel.

Multilayer coating applied to the back surface of the mirror in order for the mirror to perform its function. A thin layer of copper coating is applied to protect the silver coating, that enables the reflection on the mirror surface, from corrosion. Mirror coatings are applied to protect the mentioned copper coating from corrosion under humid conditions present in bathrooms etc., where mirrors are widely used.

Resins with isocyanate functionality react with moisture in the air to form polyurea. The coatings produced form these resins are called “moisture curing coatings”. Epoxy-ketimine based 2K coatings are also called moisture curing coatings because amine produced from the reaction  of ketimine with water, forms a cross-linked network.

Despite the fact that, polyurea is formed from the reaction of isocyanate with moisture in the air, coatings composed of polyurea is commonly misnamed as “moisture curing polyurethane coatings”.

Material applied on the inner surfaces of molds to ease the removal of objects, especially plastics, from the mold after injection. Release agents are chosen from substances with low surface tensions in order for the molded object not to stick to the mold. Failure in removing the release agents from the coating application surfaces causes surface defects such as craters, orange peel and poor adhesion.

Monochromatic light is a light ray of a single wavelength. It is produced either by radiation caused by heating up some pure metals or by passing the polychromatic light through prisms (Monochromators).

Chemical name: Ethane-1,2-diol
Chemical formula: 

Boiling point: 197°C; specific gravity: 1,113; refractive index: 1,4310; flash point: 110°C

Monoethylene glycol See Ethylene glycol

A vehicle with at least four wheels whose propulsion is provided by an engine and used for transport of passengers as well as for carriage of goods on highways is a motor vehicle. According to the International Organization of Motor Vehicle Manufacturers (OICA), motor vehicles are classified as follows.

Distinction between light commercial vehicles and other commercial vehicles is drawn according to their transport capacity. Changing from country to country this distinction is in between 3,5 tons and 7,0 tons. In Turkey, vehicles having a transport capacity below 3,5 tons are defined as light commercial vehicle.

For basecoats containing aluminum and pearlescent pigments, partly cloudy, low glitter, low luminosity surface appearance is observed if factors such as low film viscosity, nonhomogeneous film thickness etc. prevents the aluminum or pearlescent pigments to be alligned parallel to the surface. This phenomenon is called mottling or cloudiness.

For crosslinking organic coatings, if the crosslinking occurs at room temperature, reactants of crosslinking are packed separately. Coatings, packed as two or more separate components, are called multi-pack coatings. See Also Two-pack coatings

Storage of binders, having reactive groups that give crosslinking reactions at room temperature, in the same container leads to gelation. Containers that contain binders with reactive groups and stored in separate containers are called two-pack coatings. They are widely named as 2K coatings or 2K varnishes etc. In cases when reactive groups react in presence of a catalyst, the catalyst is stored in the second component. In some rare situations, both reactive groups and catalyst need to be stored separately.
 

Visual color definition system based on ten principal hues as Blue, Blue-Green, Green, Green-Yellow, Yellow, Yellow-Red, Red, Red-Purple, Purple, Purple-Blue. Each of these principal hues can be diluted with clear-coats to decrease its chroma or mixed with black pigmented paint to decrease its lightness. For instance, for a color specified as GY5/6 in Munsell color system, one can say Green-Yellow (GY), 50% mixed with black and 60% saturated. Munsell color system is commonly used in the USA. On the other hand, in Europe, Natural Color System (NCS) is preferred. NCS, ables a more detailed definition of color than Munsell system. See Also Natural color system, Color identification systems

Natural Color System / NCS

Color identification system that takes four basic colors, which are saturated and not darkened with black, as reference. For NCS, yelow, red, blue and green standarts are formed with the above mentioned properties. Various color tones are obtained by mixing the standards at different ratios. Each color can be mixed with transparent varnish to obtain several saturation levels. In addition, these colors can be darkened with black in various ratios. Colors obtained by these methods are named by NCS as follows: 2080-R70B means color contains 20% black, 80% saturated and its hue is composed of 70% Red (R:Red) and 30% Blue (B:Blue). See Also Munsell color system, Color identification systems

Color identification systems / Color systems

Systems developed for subjective identification of color. Color identification systems can be divided into two groups. Visual system and mathematical system. Visual system comprises numerous color chips arranged systematically. The color is identified by the nearest resemblance color cards code. Munsell color system and natural color system are the most common visual color identification systems. Mathematical color identification systems based on three dimensional color space while each point in this color space specifies a certain color. CIE Lab is the most common mathematical system used. See Also Munsell color system, Natural color system, CIE lab color system

CIE Lab Color System

Mathematically structured color identification system developed by International Commission on Illumination (Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage, CIE). The system is based on the fact that there are three types of conical shaped light perception cells in human eye and those cells are sensitive to blue, green and red lights. Taking this fact in to account, each color is expressed in terms of three variables; L, a and b. Because it takes the light and the observer into account together with the object, CIE Lab color system gives more sensitive and reproducible results compared to the other color identification systems. See Also Color identification systems