Heat energy required to completely evaporate a unit amount of liquid heated to its boiling point under 1 atmosphere pressure. (Unit: cal/g)

Binders produced by stable dispersion of solid polymer particles, primarily, natural and synthetic rubber in water.

Paints produced using latex binders which are aqueous emulsions of solid polymer particles.

Flexible coatings used for tanned leathers of animals such as cattles, pigs and sheep to obtain a more appealing look.

The paint production step at which other input materials in the paint formulation are added to the pigment paste.
 

Transition of wet paint applied on a surface to a thin film layer due to surface tension and gravitational force. If the paint film is continuous and homogeneous, it is said to be good levelling.

Coating defect described by wrinkled appearance of a partially crosslinked dry film after swelling under the influence of strong solvents when a coating containing strong solvents is applied on it.

See Motor vehicles

Motor vehiclesA vehicle with at least four wheels whose propulsion is provided by an engine and used for transport of passengers as well as for carriage of goods on highways is a motor vehicle. According to the International Organization of Motor Vehicle Manufacturers (OICA), motor vehicles are classified as follows.

Distinction between light commercial vehicles and other commercial vehicles is drawn according to their transport capacity. Changing from country to country this distinction is in between 3,5 tons and 7,0 tons. In Turkey, vehicles having a transport capacity below 3,5 tons are defined as light commercial vehicle.

Light fastness is defined as the resistance of organic coating inputs, especially dye stuff and pigments, to destructive effects of sun light. In addition, light endurance of a dried coating film is also defined as light fastness.

One of the three components used to define a color (other two are hue and saturation). Highest lightness corresponds to white, while lowest lightness corresponds to black. Therefore, by lightness, darkness-lightness state of a color on the black-white axis is meant.

Lightness

One of the three components used to define a color (other two are hue and saturation). Highest lightness corresponds to white, while lowest lightness corresponds to black. Therefore, by lightness, darkness-lightness state of a color on the black-white axis is meant.
 

Lime tree has very soft timber. Growth rings are not distinctive. It has small pore structure and its appearance is uniform. Lime tree is a dense, fine-grained and flexible tree. It considerably shrinks during drying. It decays fast in open air and changing weather conditions. Its durability against physical conditions is poor. It is an easily processable and light weight tree. Its timber is whitish yellow and reddish white. Timber of lime tree is primarily used in wood carving, statuary as well as mannequin and drawing board production.

See Chain polymers

They are called as linear polymers as well. Their structure is a linear chain. They are composed of monomers with double functionality (F=2). Typically, they are of thermoplastic type.
 

Type of vegetable oil obtained from linseed and used in organic coatings for almost a thousand years. Linseed oil contains 52% tri-unsaturated linoleic acid, 16% di-unsaturated lionleic acid and 22% mono-unsaturated oleic acid in its structure. Because linseed oil is a drying oil, it is directly used as paint binder, as well as in drying alkyd resin production.

BaSO4.ZnS. Mixed Crystal; refractive index: 1,84; specific gravity: ~ 4,3; oil absorption value: 11-17 g/100 g lithopone. Lithopone is a white extender with poor hiding power and it is produced by co-precipitation upon mixing of barium sulfate and zinc sulfide.

See Group transfer polymerization

Type of polymerization that allows growth of the polymer chain on different ends as a result of a silicone structured initiator activating alternating ends of polymer chain in turns or activating ends of two separate chains in turns during growth. Monomers used in group transfer polymerization should contain carbonyl or nitrile groups. Such growing polymers are also called living polymers.
 

Since a complete homogenization is impossible in materials, there are many anodic and cathodic regions on a surface of every alloy or metal composed of single element but containing a certain amount of impurity. Hence, these neighbouring regions that have different compositions and therefore different oxidation potentials are prone to act as electrodes of a cell. If a liquid layer, even as little as a humidity layer is formed on a metal surface, this systems act as a cell. This type of cell is called as local corrosion cells.

Amount of iodine in grams required to saturate the double bonds in 100 grams of oil is called the iodine value. Iodine value is generally directly proportional to the oxidation drying capacity.

Type of polyethylene having a more branched structure compared to another widely used polyethylene (HDPE) resulting in more empty volume and thus lower density. LDPE has lower crystallinity and tensile strength than HDPE, however, it has higher formability and biodegradability.