Water reducible paints contain water reducible polymers as well as water miscible solvents such as alcohol or glycol generally below 15%. Water reducible paints, can be reduced using water before application. They are commonly misnamed as water soluble paints.

Resins, which are made water reducible by adding sufficient amount of hydrophilic groups into their structure.

Wetting of paint film becomes difficult when surface tension of paint film is lower than that of water and the paint film does not include any water-soluble impurities. In order to specify the difficulty of wettability of paint film, sometimes paint film is defined as water repellent.

See Waterborne coatings

Waterborne coatings are defined as coatings in which water is used for adjusting flow behaviour instead of organic solvents. They are subdivided into three groups as latex coatings, water reducible coatings and, emulsion coatings. Waterborne coatings are commonly misnamed as water based coatings. This term is misleading because basis of something is the inherent element that determines its characteristics, whereas water leaves the paint during drying.

Waterborne coatings are defined as coatings in which water is used for adjusting flow behaviour instead of organic solvents. They are subdivided into three groups as latex coatings, water reducible coatings and, emulsion coatings. Waterborne coatings are commonly misnamed as water based coatings. This term is misleading because basis of something is the inherent element that determines its characteristics, whereas water leaves the paint during drying.

Paints in which waterborne emulsion polymers are used as binders.

Waterborne emulsion polymers are suspensions of small polymer droplets which are stabilized by emulsifiers in water. If the polymerization occurs in the droplets formed by raw materials, the emulsion is called “primary emulsion”. If the solution of a solventborne polymer is emulsified in water, than it is called “secondary emulsion”.

General name of low molecular weight polymeric materials that are solid at room temperature and can soften at nearly 50-100°C. Waxes are traditionally produced from animals (e.g., Beeswax, Spermaceti), plants (e.g., Carnauba wax, from the leaves of the Carnauba palm) and petroleum products (e.g., Paraffin wax). Waxes are chemically synthesized by polymerization of ester, alcohol and carboxylic acid or their mixtures. Other than natural waxes there are specific purpose synthetic waxes. Some of these waxes are used as additives in paint. See Also Synthetic waxes

Synthetic waxes

Wax polymers produced synthetically for various purposes. Polyethylene, polypropylene, polytetrafluoroethylene and polyvinyl acetate are frequently used in paint industry to increase scratch resistance in addition to matting and rheology modification. See Also Wax

An accelerated test for predicting the exterior durability of the paint in the real service condition. In the UV cycle, the radiation from carbon arc or xenon lamb, is assumed to have the same wavelength distribution as the sun light but more intense Although test time is longer than UV-con test, WeatherOmeter test is accepted as a more reliable test for predicting the exterior durability of paint.

Weight average molecular weight is calculated by summing the products of the weights of each species and their molecular weights and dividing by the total weight of the mixture.

The thickness of the wet paint film immediately after application. Wet film thickness is commonly measured by Wet Film Comb Gauges with various depth tabs. Another frequently used tool is the Wet Film Thickness Wheel which consists of nested eccentric discs.

See Grinding

Grinding

Paint production step applied to decrease the particle size of pigment aggregates in the fluid medium using mechanical energy. Because grinding of pigments used in wet paints are achieved in liquid media consisting of resin solutions, those processes are also called “wet grinding”.

Wet grinding

See Grinding

Paint application method based on applying a layer without waiting for the previous layer to dry.

To complete the electrical circuit during wet paint electrostatic applications, the paint droplets reaching the surface to be coated should transfer the charge to the ground. Thus, the conductivity of the paint should be adjusted using proper solvents and additives.

Density of paints in package or application viscosity. It is measured in g/ml units. Paint density is commonly measured with pycnometer. Pycnometers are constant volume cups made of aluminium or stainless steel.

Test to determine the properties that a paint should have in the package (i.e., viscosity, solids%, density, fineness of grind , settling stability etc.)

Viscosity

Measure of resistance of a fluid against flow. The higher the viscosity of a fluid, the more resistance it has to flow.

Fineness of grind

Upper limit of particle size range obtained after dispersion. Fineness of grind is usually stated using two gauges: Metric gauge based on micrometer and Hegman gauge. e.g, in the case that almost all the particles in a pigment paste or coating are 25µm or smaller, fineness of grind is 25µm in metric gauge and 6 in Hegman gauge.
 

Spreading of a fluid on a surface as a thin homogeneous layer due to its lower surface tension than that of the application surface.

General name for additives that are used to (a) perform dispersion of pigments and fillers using less energy in shorter time, (b) increase dispersion stability in the fluid composed of resin and solvent.

A tree belonging to the olive family with a hard and precious wood. White Ash has brown sap wood and large pore white-yellow heartwood in addition to its distinctive growth rings. It is used in furniture production and it has a specific gravity of 0,75 g/ml.

Type of coatings used for painting of household goods such as refrigerators, ovens, dishwashers, washing machines and driers. While wet coatings had been commonly used for this application until fifteen years ago, powder coatings are widely used presently.

Powder coatings

Solvent free coatings which use resins with glass transition temperatures higher than room temperature. Powder coatings are comminuted to 20-100 microns. Powders clung to the surface forms a thin film after high temperature baking.

Electrostatic spray applications of powder coatings

Through these applications, powder coating fluidized by mixing with air is sprayed using a powder gun with an orifice. A high voltage of 40-100 kV connected to a negative electrode at the orifice ionizes air molecules. This cloud of ions is called “corona”. Powder particles pick-up anions when passing through the corona and become negatively charged. Since the object to be coated has become anode because of grounding it attracts particles to its surface. Particles are neutralized when they reach the surface. Loose powder coating film, turns to a tough, durable, continuous, film with good adhesion after baking.

Solvent mixture obtained in a boiling range of 130-220°C of during distillation of petroleum products rich in aliphatics. Long oil alkyd resins based synthetic paints, which can be applied either with a brush or with a roller, are commonly reduced by white spirit.
Chemical name: Hydrocarbon mixture rich in aliphatics. No certain chemical formula exits.
Boiling point: 130-220°C; Evaporation number based on the ether: 85°C; Specific gravity: ~0,750; Refractive index: 1,434; Flash point: 40°C

Name of the harder, darker and denser rings that are present in the cross-section of a tree and that are formed during winter time.

A simple tool used to remove rust, loose/peeling paint and dirt from the surface to be coated otherwise these can cause difficulty in adhesion. The bristles of wire brush are usually made of carbon steel, stainless steel and brass. (Given in a sequence of use prevalence. Wire brushes are used with rotating and vibrating motors in addition to simply by hand.

General term for organic coatings used for protection and decoration purposes on wood surfaces for indoor and outdoor applications such as furniture, doors, window frames, floors, fences etc. Some examples of wood coatings are: wood preservatives, stains, primers, sealers, putties, pigmented and clear topcoats.

Substrates that primarily comprise wood as the main component. In Turkey, solid wood, plywood, veneer, chipboard, MDF and hardboard are used as main wooden substrates.

Paint especially designed and produced to give a wrinkled appearance. Wrinkled paints are designed so that the upper surface of the wet paint dries faster than the overall film.

Coating defect described by the wrinkled appearance caused by faster drying of surface layer of a wet coating film than lower layers, similar to lifting defect.